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Rejang language

This article is about the language of Sumatra. For the language group of Borneo, see Rejang–Sajau languages.
Rejang
Baso Jang
Baso Hejang
Native toIndonesia
Region
[1]
EthnicityRejang people
Native speakers
350,000 (2000 census)[2]
Austronesian
Dialects
  • Lebong
  • Musai (Musi)
  • Kebanagung
  • Pesisir
  • Awes (Rawas)
Latin (present)
Rejang script (historically)
Language codes
ISO 639-3rej
Glottologreja1240[3]

Rejang (baso Jang, baso Hejang) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Rejang people in southwestern parts of Sumatra (Bengkulu), Indonesia. There are five dialects, spread from mountainous region to the coastal region of Bengkulu, including the Musi (Musai) dialect, the Lebong dialect, the Kebanagung dialect, the Rawas (Awes) dialect, and the Pesisir dialect.

Rejang was written with the Rejang script for a long time.[4] The script is thought to pre-date the introduction of Islam to the area in the 12th century CE, although the earliest attested document has been dated to the mid 18th century. It is traditionally written on bamboo, buffalo horn, bark or copper plates. It was only recently that the Latin alphabet was introduced as a way of writing the language.

Classification

Rejang is not obviously close to other Malayo-Polynesian languages in Sumatra. McGinn (2009) classified it among the Bidayuh languages of Borneo, closest to Bukar Sadong.[5] It may be that it is related to the newly described language Nasal, but that is speculative at this point.[6]

Dialects

Rejang has five different dialects. Speakers of each dialects are able to communicate with one another, in spite of lexical and phonological differences. The five dialects of Rejangs are Musi (Musai), Lebong, Kebanagung, Rawas (Awes), and Pesisir. Among all dialects, Awes dialect is the hardest for other dialects speakers.

Vocabulary

Astronomical terms

English Lêbong Dialect Musai Dialect Kêbanagung Dialect Pêsisia Dialect
earth bumai,
dênio,
dunio		 bumêi,
dênio,
dunio		 bumêi,
dênio,
dunio		 bumai,
dênio,
dunio
star bitang bitang bitang bitang
moon bulên bulên bulên bulên
sun mataibilai matêibilêi matêibilêi, matoibiloi mataibilai
cloud awên awên awên awên
sky lenget lenget lenget lenget

Gender

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
female slawêi bia, sêbia,
bie, sêbie,
slawie		 bêe sêbêe slawêi
male smanêi sêbong,
smanie		 smanêi smanêi
third gender tayuk tayuk tayuk tayuk

Colour

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
red miləak miləak miləah/abang miləak
white putiak puteak puteah puteak
black məluo mələu mələa məluo
green ijo ijo ijo ijo
blue biru/blu/blau biru/blu/bləu biru/blu/bləu biru/blu/blau
grey abu-abu/abau abu-abu/abəu abu-abu/abəu abu-abu/abəu
jingga jingga jingga jingga jingga
violet ungu/ungau ungu/ungəu ungu/ungəu ungu/ungau
brown perang perang perang coklat
pink miləak mudo/miləak jam(b)au miləak mudo/miləak jam(b)əu miləah mudo/miləak jam(b)əu miləak mudo/miləak jam(b)au
silver (color) pirok pirak pirak pirak
maroon miləak atie miləak atəi miləah atəei miləak atəi

Pronouns

English Lêbong Dialect Musai Dialect Kêbanagung Dialect Pêsisia Dialect
I Uku,
Ku		 Uku,
Ku		 Uku,
Ku		 Uku,
Ku
You Kumu (honour, formal),
ko (common)		 Kumu (honour, formal),
Ko (common)		 Ko Kumu (honour, formal),
Ko (common)
We Itê Itê Itê Itê
They Tobo'o Tobo'o Toboho Tobo'o
He Si Si Si Si
She Si Si Si Si

Numbers

Numeral English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
0 zero kosong nol nol nol
1 one do (sometimes dəlai) do (sometimes dəlai) do (sometimes dikup) do (sometimes dəlai)
2 two duai duəi dui duəi
3 three təlau tələu tələu təlau
4 four əpat, pat əpat, pat əpat, pat əpat, pat
5 five ləmo ləmo ləmo ləmo
6 six num num num num
7 seven tujuak tojoak tojoah tojoak
8 eight dəlapən dəlapən dəlapən dəlapən
9 nine s(mb)ilan s(mb)ilan s(mb)ilan s(mb)ilan
10 ten dəpuluak dəpoloak dəpoloah dəpoloak
11 eleven səblas, dəblas səblas, dəblas səblas, dəblas səblas, dəblas
12 twelve duai bəlas duəi bəlas dui bəlas duəi balas
13 thirteen təlau bəlas tələu bəlas tələu bəlas təlau bəlas
19 nineteen s(mb)ilan bəlas s(mb)ilan bəlas s(mb)ilan bəlas s(mb)ilan bəlas
20 twenty duai puluak duəi poloak dui poloah duəi poloak
21 twenty one duai puluak satu duəi poloak satu dui poloah satu duəi poloak do
50 fifty ləmo puluak ləmo poloak ləmo poloah ləmo poloak
100 one hundred də'otos, dotos, sotos də'otos, dotos, sotos də'otos, dotos, sotos də'otos, dotos, sotos
200 two hundred duai otos duəi otos dui otos duəi otos
1000 one thousand dəribau,səribau dəribeu, səribeu dəribeu, səribeu dəribau, səribau
10000 ten thousand dəpuluak ribau dəpoloak ribəu dəpoloah ribəu dəpoloak ribau
100000 one hunder thousand sotos ribau sotos ribəu sotos ribəu sotos ribau
1000000 one million dəjuta dəjuta dəjuta dəjuta

Days of the Week

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
monday sənin sənin sənin sənin
tuesday səlasa səlasa səlasa səlasa
wednesday rabau/rabu/rəbau rabəu/rabu/rəbəu rabəu/rabu/rəbəu rebaa/rəbu/rəbəu
thursday kəmis kəmis kəmis kəmis
friday jəm'at/jum'at jəma'at/jum'at jəmahat/jum'at jəm'at/jum'at
saturday sabtau/səbtau/səbtu sabtəu sabtəu sabtau/səbtau
sunday ming(g)au ming(g)əu ming(g)əu ming(g)əu

Preposition

Place

English Lêbong Dialect Musai Dialect Kêbanagung Dialect Pêsisia Dialect
behind bêlakang,
kədong		 bêlakang,
kêdong		 bêlakang,
kêdong		 bêlakang,
kêdong
beside dêpêak, pêak dêpêak, pêak dêpêah, pêah, saping dêpêak, pêak
above das das das das
in front of muko muko muko muko
outside luêa luêa uêh luêa
inside lêm lêm lêm lêm
corner iding iding iding iding
under bêak bêak bêak bêak
between antaro antaro antaro antaro

Basic Element

English Lêbong Dialect Musai Dialect Kêbanagung Dialect Pêsisia Dialect
wind angin angin angin angin
water bioa bioa bioa bioa
land tanêak tanêak tanəah tanəak
soil pitok pitak pitak pitak
air udaro udaro udaro udaro
fire opoi opoi opoe opoi

Sample text

The following is a sample text in Rejang, of the Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations):

Kutê tun laher mêrdeka, tmuan hok-hok gik srai. Kutê nagiak-ba akêa peker ngen atêi, kêrno o kêlok-nê bêkuat-ba do ngen luyên lêm asai sêpasuak.

Gloss (word-to-word):

Article 1 – All human was born independent, has an equal rights. They are endowed a way to think and heart, then they need to be friend each other in the taste of brotherhood.

Translation (grammatical):

Article 1 – All human beings are born free and equal in rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Notes

  1. ^ Saputri, Nur Rahmah (2014). Analisis hukum Islam terhadap Adat Bemaling Suku Rejang di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Bengkulu (PDF) (Undergraduate thesis). UIN Surabaya. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ^ Rejang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Rejang". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ^ Rejang (Redjang, Kaganga), ScriptSource (developed and maintained by SIL International), retrieved 30 May 2019
  5. ^ McGinn, Richard (2009). "24. Out-of-Borneo subgrouping hypothesis for Rejang: re-weighing the evidence" (PDF). In Adelaar, Alexander; Pawley, Andre (eds.). Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history: a festschrift for Bob Blust. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 397–410. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-02. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  6. ^ "Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3" (PDF), ISO 639-3 Registration Authority

External links