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Raita

For other uses, see Raita (disambiguation).
Raita
Raita with cucumber and mint.jpg
A cucumber and mint raita
Alternative namesरायता, রায়তা
Pachadi
CourseCondiment
Place of originIndian subcontinent
Region or stateIndian subcontinent with regional variations
Associated national cuisineIndia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal
Serving temperatureCold
Main ingredientsDahi (yogurt), buttermilk, cucumber, mint
VariationsDahi chutney, Pachadi
Food energy
(per serving)
46 kcal (193 kJ)

Raita is the common name of a condiment, originating from the Indian subcontinent, made with dahi (yogurt, often referred to as curd) together with raw or cooked vegetables, more seldom fruit, or in the case of boondi raita, with fried droplets of batter made from besan (chickpea flour, generally labeled as gram flour).

The closest approximation in western cuisine is a side dish or dip, or a cooked salad. It is often referred to as a condiment, but unlike traditional western condiments like salt, pepper, mustard and horseradish that make dishes more spicy, a dish of dahi or raita has a cooling effect to contrast with spicy curries and kebabs that are the main fare of some Asian cuisines. In Indian cuisine, some type of flatbread may be eaten together with raita, chutneys and pickles.

The yogurt may be seasoned with coriander, roasted cumin seeds; mint, cayenne pepper, chaat masala and other herbs and spices.

Etymology

The word raita first appeared in print around the 19th century; it comes from the Hindi language.[1] The word raita in Bengali language and Hindustani is a derivative or portmanteau of the Sanskrit word rajika, meaning black mustard, and tiktaka, meaning sharp or pungent.[2] In South India, especially Kerala and Tamil Nadu, traditional raita is called pachadi.

Raita is also sometimes simply called dahi, or "sourmilk", after its main ingredient, particularly in South African Indian cuisine.

Preparation

Pulao served with boondi raita

Cumin (zīrā ) and black mustard (rāī ) are fried. This tempering is then mixed with minced, raw vegetables or fruits (such as cucumber, onion, carrot, pineapple, papaya) and yogurt.[3]

Raw ginger and garlic paste, green chili paste, and sometimes mustard paste are used to enrich flavour.[citation needed]

A variety of raita of India varies from region to region, most notable raithas are boondi raitha—tiny balls of fried gram flour (chickpea flour), which may taste salty or tīkhā (spicy) and onion raita and vegetable raita. The mixture is served chilled. Raita may cool the palate when eating spicy Indian dishes.[4]


Some of the popular varieties of raita recipes are okra raita, tomato-onion-green chilli raita, beetroot raita and guava raita. Some raitas are topped with chopped coriander leaves. Raitas made from fruits like Pineapple are usually sweet.[5] Raitas also serve with spicy Aloo Parathas.[6]

Pachadi

Main article: Pachadi

Pachadi is the South Indian variation of Raita.

Variants

Spring onion raita
Boondi raita
Pomegranate raita

Raitas can be prepared with three main base ingredients: vegetables, pulses and fruits. These are mixed with yogurt and flavoured with a variety of seasonings to make different types of raita.[7]

Vegetable raitas

  1. onion coriander spring onion raita
  2. Tomato onion raita
  3. Cucumber raita
  4. Carrot raita
  5. Pumpkin raita
  6. Potato raita
  7. Mint and peanut raita
  8. Spinach raita
  9. Horned melon raita
  10. Beetroot raita
  11. Calabash raita (Bottle Gourd raita)
  12. Brinjal raita

Prayani raitas

  1. Prayani Raita (Various Flavors) (this is a commercial product, and not a category of Raitas version of vegetable raithas.)

Pulse raitas

  1. Sprouted green gram raita
  2. Boondi raita
  3. Bhujia sev raita

Fruit raitas

  1. Banana raita
  2. Mango raita
  3. Guava raita
  4. Grape raita
  5. Pineapple raita
  6. Pomegranate raita
  7. Pear raita

Serving methods

As a side dish

Raita is served as a side dish to be eaten with main course dishes.[7]

As a sauce (not traditional)

As a dressing (not traditional)

See also

References

  1. ^ Sedgwick, Fred (2009). Where words come from: A dictionary of word origins. London: Continuum International Publishing group. ISBN 9781847062741.
  2. ^ "Raita". Merriam Webster.
  3. ^ Mehta Gambhir, Aloka (25 May 2011). "Tandoori chicken with Tomato Raita". The Times of India. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  4. ^ American Dietetic Association (2009). Cultural Food Practices. American Dietetic Associat. p. 244. ISBN 9780880914338.
  5. ^ Basic Food Preparation (Third Edition). Department Of Food And Nutrition, Usha Raina Orient Longman. p. 248. ISBN 81-250-2300-3.
  6. ^ Shraddha Varma. "Raita Recipes with Biryanis and Parathas". Livingfoodz.com.
  7. ^ a b Basic Food Preparation (Third Edition). Orient Longman Private limited. 1986. ISBN 81-250-2300-3.

External links