Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) (or Cleavage polyadenylation stimulating factor) is involved in the cleavage of the 3' signaling region from a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) molecule in the process of gene transcription. It is the first protein to bind to the signaling region near the cleavage site of the pre-mRNA, to which the polyadenine tail will be added by polyadenine polymerase. The upstream signaling region has the canonical nucleotide sequence AAUAAA, which is highly conserved across the vast majority of pre-mRNAs. A second downstream signaling region, located on the portion of the pre-mRNA that is cleaved before polyadenylation, consists of a GU-rich region required for efficient processing.

CPSF is a protein complex consisting of four proteins: CPSF-73, CPSF-100, CPSF-30 and CPSF-160. CPSF-73 is believed to be the endonuclease which cleaves mRNA precursor and the crystal structure of its N-terminal domain has been resolved. CPSF recruits additional proteins to the 3' region. Identified proteins that are coordinated by CPSF activity include: cleavage stimulatory factor and the two poorly-understood cleavage factors. The binding of the polyadenine polymerase responsible for actually synthesizing the tail is a necessary prerequisite for cleavage, thus ensuring that cleavage and polyadenylation are tightly coupled processes.

Genes

• CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4, CPSF6

References

• Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J. (2004). Molecular Cell Biology. WH Freeman: New York, NY. 5th ed.
• Murthy KG, Manley JL. (1995). The 160-kD subunit of human cleavage-polyadenylation specificity factor coordinates pre-mRNA 3'-end formation. Gene Dev 9: 2672-2683.

External links

• Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Carrier proteins, Nucleoprotein: RNA-binding protein Butyrate response factor 1 Fragile X mental retardation protein Rev hu paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigens mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factors (Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor Cleavage stimulation factor) host factor 1 protein Aconitase (ACO1 ACO2) nuclear factor 90 proteins (ILF2) Poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1 PABPC3 PABPC4) polypyrimidine tract-binding protein ribonucleoprotein RNA cap-binding protein (Cap binding complex EIF4E EIF4G1) SMN complex proteins (SMN1 SMN2 DDX20) B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

Post-transcriptional modification Nuclear Precursor mRNA 5′ cap formation Polyadenylation CPSF CstF PAP PAB2 CFI CFII Poly(A)-binding protein RNA splicing: intron/exon snRNP spliceosome minor spliceosome U1 alternative splicing pre-mRNA processing factor PLRG1 PRPF3 PRPF4 PRPF4B PRPF6 PRPF8 PRPF18 PRPF19 PRPF31 PRPF38A PRPF38B PRPF39 PRPF40A PRPF40B RNA editing Polyuridylation Cytosolic 5′ cap methylation Messenger RNA decapping: DCP1A DCP1B DCP2 DCPS EDC3 EDC4 see also: disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification, Transcription B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

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